In a rare example of an explicit national goal for income distribution besides reducing poverty, China's leadership has … the potential trade-offs, the paper asks whether China's experience indicates that income-polarization was a by-product of … polarizing in China …

China. What creates China's poor areas? Are they catching up? What should governments do? The paper provides an overview of … poverty associated with poorly developed risk markets. The paper argues that poor-area programs make sense in China, given … unlikely to solve China's poverty problem. A comprehensive strategy for doing so will also help protect poor people from the …

consensus), China’s leadership has recently committed to expanding the middle-income share—striving for a less polarized “olive …-shaped” distribution. Recognizing the potential trade-offs, we ask whether rising income-polarization in China was a by-product of past …

consensus), China’s leadership has recently committed to expanding the middle-income share—striving for a less polarized “olive …-shaped” distribution. Recognizing the potential trade-offs, we ask whether rising income-polarization in China was a by-product of past …