. Total external debt (public and private) and domestic credit are also included through 2013. This combination gives a broad …

comprehensive long-run dataset of official international lending, covering 230,000 loans, grants and guarantees extended by … return of central bank cross-border lending in times of stress, this time in the form of swap lines. …

comprehensive long-run dataset of official international lending, covering 230,000 loans, grants and guarantees extended by … return of central bank cross-border lending in times of stress, this time in the form of swap lines. …

by the People’s Bank of China is increasingly used as a financial rescue mechanism, with more than USD 170 billion in …-owned banks and enterprises have given out an additional USD 70 billion in rescue loans for balance of payments support. Taken … amounts are growing fast. However, China’s rescue loans differ from those of established international lenders of last resort …

comprehensive long-run dataset of official international lending, covering 230,000 loans, grants and guarantees extended by … return of central bank cross-border lending in times of stress, this time in the form of swap lines …

of official international loans, covering 230,000 loans, grants and guarantees extended by governments, central banks … sharp comeback, largely due to the rise of China as an international creditor and the return of central bank cross …