of immigration on native workers. Instead, using data from Spain, where the immigrant population has risen from 4 percent … specialization ; complements ; substitutes ; Spain …

-pay (PP) component of total hourly wages and its contribution to the overall gender gap in Spain. Under the assumption that PP …

of a whole business cycle, i.e. 2000‐2013. We focus on Spain – a country hit hard by unemployment increases in downturns …. Our results indicate that unemployment outs are crucial in understanding changes in unemployment rates in Spain …