We show that the social desirability of a resource substitute systematically depends on the pattern of resources—either renewable (RR) or non-renewable (NRR)—involved in the resource substitute development program. Developing a RR in an NRR-based economy is particularly rewarding...

The effective labor possibility frontier (ELPF) is defined as the set of statically efficient allocations of labor imputs in the competing tasks of production and R&D. It summaries the labor scarcity constraint. We show that the dynamically efficient paths of R&D, resource extraction and...