, such as chemical fertilizer, improved seeds, and irrigation technologies, among smallholders. Past research and much policy … high transaction costs, can also play important roles in credit-rationing for smallholders. Using primary survey data from … Ethiopia and Tanzania, this study examines the nature of credit constraints facing smallholders and the factors that affect …

Irrigated agriculture can support food and nutrition security, increase rural employment and incomes and can act as a …

inhibit leveraging the energy transition for ensuring food security and agriculture-led poverty alleviation in SSA. We propose …