The starting point in the paper is the relative concept of poverty. We will study how our picture of poverty will change if we accept a very relative concept of poverty. The first problem we encountered was the selection of the benchmark. A couple of alternative ways to conduct relativizations...

The paper compares poverty in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden and France. We answer whether it is justifiable to talk about a unified Nordic model in terms of poverty and poverty alleviation. We have (1) descriptive/analytical and (2) methodological goals. (1) We pool the four Nordic countries...

This study offers a longitudinal scrutiny of the development of pension policy in Finland and evaluates the impacts that the shift from a 'marginal' to an 'institutional' welfare state imposed on economic well-being among the elderly. The data that are used stem from household budget surveys...