Formal rules governing signed edges on causal directed acyclic graphs are described and it is shown how these rules can be useful in reasoning about causality. Specifically, the notions of a monotonic effect, a weak monotonic effect and a signed edge are introduced. Results are developed...

Sufficient-component causes are discussed within the deterministic potential outcomes framework so as to formalize notions of sufficient causes, synergism and sufficient cause interactions. Doing so allows for the derivation of counterfactual and empirical conditions for detecting the presence...

We consider the doubly robust estimation of the parameters in a semiparametric conditional odds ratio model. Our estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal in a union model that assumes either of two variation independent baseline functions is correctly modelled but not necessarily...