If land-degrading agricultural intensification in uplands is driven by labor migration, what will be the effect of nonfarm employment growth? On one hand, a higher opportunity cost of farm labor should reduce labor-intensive cultivation methods. On the other hand, there may also be a reduction...

If land-degrading agricultural intensification in uplands is driven by labor migration, what will be the effect of nonfarm employment growth? On one hand, a higher opportunity cost of farm labor should reduce labor-intensive cultivation methods. On the other hand, there may also be a reduction...

Using a Philippine case study site, the forces driving the recent evolution of economic behavior and institutional arrangements in upland and forest margin areas of Southeast Asia are considered. In early modern development, subsistence agriculture using long-phase forest-fallow rotations and...