Corruption can arise in any bureaucracy with the authority to allocate benefits and impose costs. This paper articulates general economic principles that can help identify corrupt incentives and guide reform. It draws from models of bureaucratic behavior, especially the economic literature on...

The author proposes three types of anticorruption strategies: those that reduce the benefits that officials control, those that increase the costs of bribery, and those that limit the bargaining power of officials. In essence, fighting corruption involves introducing more competition,...

"This book suggests how high levels of corruption limit investment and growth can lead to ineffective government. Developing countries and those making a transition from socialism are particularly at risk, but corruption is a worldwide phenomenon. Corruption creates economic inefficiencies and...