We argue that the traditional question ‘fixed vs. flexible exchange rates?’ is not well-defined, because ‘flexible exchange rates’ does not explicitly specify any particular monetary policy. In traditional analyses, ‘flexible exchange rates’ was interpreted as implying a fixed money...

The paper analyzes the replacement of universal social programs with targeted social benefits. We define "universality" as separability of tax/transfer system in income and other non-monetary attributes, and introduce the concept of "parallel equity" - a requirement that like differences in...

In contrast to recent "neo-Schumpeterian" models, which argue that business cycles are good for growth, the paper develops a "neo-Keynesian" model, characterized by monopolistically competitive firms which must set prices and produce output in advance of the realization of (stochastic) monetary...

Standard econometric tests for whether money causes output will be meaningless if monetary policy is chosen optimally to smooth fluctuations in output. If U.S. monetary policy were chosen to smooth U.S. output, we show that U.S. money will not Granger cause U.S. output. Indeed, as shown by Rowe...

Following Cuba’s "de-penalization," of the use of the dollar in August 1993, its role expanded rapidly. It now may be a more significant component of the overall money supply than the old peso. This generates some advantages but also contributes to some problems. The Government of Cuba has...