The emergence of service offshoring places competitiveness at the centre of the discussion on international trade. The role of cost related factors driving trade performances is debated. However, although services trade becomes more dynamic, service competitiveness factors remain a field largely...

This paper analyzes the relationships between firms' external search of knowledge and its role in cooperation strategies for innovation. In particular, this study accounts for differences between public and private external sources of knowledge and between private–private and public–private...

This book is devoted to the study of public–private innovation networks in services (ServPPINs). These are a new type of innovation network which have rapidly developed in service economies. ServPPINs are collaborations between public and private service organisations, their objective...

This paper reviews and analyses the rationale for an innovation policy in services. It focuses on the relevance of the various categories of market and system failures, on the basis of economic arguments and some empirical evidence at EU level. Results show that market and system failures affect...

It has been suggested that a paradigm shift is taking place, from the old model of product innovation based on in-house R&D, to a new model based on the intensive use of external sources (search depth). We test this using Eurostat CIS4 data for 40 sectors in 18 European countries. The findings...