We show that despite heterogeneous financial intermediation structures in EMEs, bank credit remains a powerful channel of policy transmission in these countries. Credit conditions have been affected by global factors. In particular, our empirical results suggest that exchange rate appreciation...

I) House prices rose strongly in advanced economies during the pandemic, breaking with typical post-recession patterns. These developments support domestic demand in the short term but carry risks to the outlook if they reverse. II) Rapid economic recovery, fiscal support and high saving rates...