penalty for male workers in six European countries (i.e. Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and the UK). Findings show … that the raw gap in hourly gross pay amounts to 16 per cent of male part-timer’s wage in Spain, to 24 per cent in Belgium …

by a multi-level system of bargaining: Belgium, Denmark and Spain. Our findings show that, compared to multi …. In Spain, single-employer bargaining also increases wage levels but reduces wage dispersion. Our interpretation is that … in Belgium and Denmark, single-employer bargaining is used to adapt pay to the specific needs of the firm while, in Spain …