We use micro data on manufacturing employees in Kenya and Tanzania to estimate returns to education and investigate the … while for Tanzania there is evidence of rising returns in the 1990s. The earnings functions are convex for both countries …

, Kenya, Ghana, Tanzania, South Africa and Nigeria, to investigate the causes of poor exporting performance. We exploit a data …-selection based on efficiency and firm size as determinants of export participation. We show that firm size is a robust determinant of … the decision to export. It is not a proxy for efficiency, for capital intensity, for sector or for time …