This paper is about 40 sovereign nations, spread across Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. All are at the lower or lowest ranks of social and economic development. All need infusions of technologic and other know-how. A major subset of all poor or emerging countries their commonality with all its...

This paper examines the hypothesis: Nations where French is the dominant second language, lag significantly behind in social, economic, and particularly in technological development. The countries examined are located on different continents Asia, Africa (North and sub-Sahara), Europe, and in...