This paper investigates the impact of trade openness on economic growth and development for a sample of 85 middle-income countries over the period 1970-2009. The paper employs non-stationary heterogeneous panel cointegration techniques that take into consideration the impact of cross-section...

Este artículo examina el impacto del grado de apertura exterior en el crecimiento y desarrollo económicos de un grupo de 85 países de renta media en el periodo 1970-2009. Se emplean técnicas de cointegración en un panel heterogéneo no estacionario con el fin de tomar en consideración el...

Sub-Saharan Africa has been characterised by low-income levels for decades. This paper analyses the impact of economic globalisation and democracy on income in sub-Saharan Africa using panel cointegration techniques. The paper considers a composite indicator for economic globalisation and...