Since 1994, Europe and North America have taken divergent approaches to managing spectrum for wireless voice and data services, the so-called 2G and 3G bands. (There are several so-called generations in mobile--first generation (1G) is analogue service, second generation (2G) is digital, while...

In this paper we examine the development of the micro-computer market in the early 1980's. CP/M, a widely adopted operating system, was orphaned by the user and development communities. A new operating system, DOS, and a new hardware platform, the IBM PC, became the prediminant industry...

In this paper we develop a model with (1) differentiated consumers, (2) endogenous adoption times, (3) technical uncertainty, and (4) alternative technologies sponsored by competing vendors. We identify conditions under which orphaning arises endogenously in a framework of dynamic competition....

In this paper, the authors examine the development of the microcomputer market in the early 1980s. CP/M, a widely-adopted operating system, was orphaned by the user and the development communities. A new operating system, DOS, and a new hardware platform, the IBM PC, became the predominant...