The World Trade Organization (WTO) has a significant impact on international business activities due to its actions and decisions that set the rules of international trade. However, our understanding of how WTO affects firm behavior is limited. Taking advantage of the variations in entry dates...

We study antecedents of innovation performance for the subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) using the microfoundations approach. Based on the upper echelons perspective, we argue that managers’ demographic characteristics, such as prior MNE work experience and industry experience...