This study examines how social circumstances influence the educational performance of students who provide the National Secondary Education Examination (ENEM). Initially, we adopt an approach nonparametric taking Roemer Identification Axiom assuming independence between circumstance and effort....

This paper investigates if the dynamic behavior of unemployment rates from Brazil and six metropolitan areas is more consistent with the natural rate hypothesis or the hypothesis of hysteresis. Initially, we use the procedures proposed by Perron and Yabu (2009) Kejriwal and Perron (2010) to...