horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI). This choice involves a trade-off between the higher variable trade costs associated …

horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI). This choice involves a trade-off between the higher variable trade costs associated …

horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI). This choice involves a trade-off between the higher variable trade costs associated …

horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI). This choice involves a trade-off between the higher variable trade costs associated …

within EC manufacturing, and finds relatively little change from 1986 to 1992; the second describes the trade impact of 1992 … with the help of consumption shares, and finds internal and external trade creation; and the third uses regression analysis …

The paper analyses the proposal to create a hard core of EU countries committed to deeper and faster integration by … the whole EU, Japan and the United States. The second uses principal component and cluster analyses to investigate whether … these five countries represent a homogenous grouping vis-à-vis the other EU members. …

The EU is a relatively open economy and has benefited from the global multilateral system. We argue that the EU should … agreement is also essential. Third, the EU must be reformed to increase its external credibility. The Singapore ruling has … offered a useful clarification on trade policy. Addressing internal imbalances would also increase external credibility …