This paper focuses on the formation of treaties to manage transnational commons when efforts must be coordinated among a minimal-sized group so as to make cooperation worthwhile. By focusing on mixed-strategy equilibria, we are concerned with instances where the intentions of others are...

A theoretical model of emission reductions is specified that accounts for voluntary and nonvoluntary behavior regarding the adherence to the Helsinki and Sofia Protocols, which mandated emission reductions for sulphur and nitrogen oxides, respectively. From this model, the authors derive an...