"The last 30 years have been dramatic for the financial services industry. In the1990s and 2000s, boundaries between the traditional industry sectors, such as commercial banking and investment banking, broke down and competition became increasingly global in nature. Many forces contributed to...

We identify a group of lenders specializing in syndicating tradable loans (referred to as transactional lenders, “TLs”). We show that borrowers borrowing from TLs experience worse operating performance and more severe credit quality deterioration after loan origination compared to those...