This paper provides an overview of current trends, state of art and best-practice in environmental cost accounting as well as a discussion of how it complements environmental performance and eco-efficiency indicators. It addresses a number of current approaches to ECA. Among others, these will...

Reflections on how much voluntary expenditure a company should make on environmental-protection measures are dominated by the discussion of relevant direct internal costs. Compulsory spending on environmental protection (e.g. expenditure forced by regulations) is not taken into account here,...