Using data from the German SOEP, this paper analyses whether there have been (a) any significant changes in poverty rates and poverty intensities before and after the Hartz IV reforms and (b) whether there have been observable changes in the effect of employment in reducing the threat or...

Of all countries in Western Europe, Germany has experienced the most intense influx of immigrant labor after World War II. An important characteristic of this immigrant flow has been its heterogeneity both with respect to the motivation to migrate and to skill endowments. The skills and, thus,...

Using data from the German SOEP, this paper analyses whether there have been (a) any significant changes in poverty rates and poverty intensities before and after the Hartz IV reforms and (b) whether there have been observable changes in the effect of employment in reducing the threat or...