Using a large employer-employee dataset, we provide new evidence on the relationship between the gender pay gap and … introducing or abandoning collective agreements or works councils affects the gender pay gap. This result holds at the mean and … along the distribution, challenging the stylized fact that unions and works councils dampen the gender pay gap. …

Using a large employer-employee dataset, we provide new evidence on the relationship between the gender pay gap and … introducing or abandoning collective agreements or works councils affects the gender pay gap. This result holds at the mean and … along the distribution, challenging the stylized fact that unions and works councils dampen the gender pay gap. …

. The probabilities of having works councils and collective agreements increase substantially if just some of the managers … family firms. In addition, our results support the idea that external managers mainly act as agents rather than stewards in …