rise, increase the shadow economy, but also other factors like economic ones (unemployment) are considered, too …. Specifically it is shown that the main driving forces are unemployment, self-employment and the tax burden, which have different … by self-employment (22.2%), unemployment (16.9%), personal income taxes (13.1%) and tax morale (9.5%). -- shadow economy …

, which, if rising, increase the shadow economy, though other, economic factors like unemployment are important, too …. Specifically, it is shown that the main driving forces of the size and development of the shadow economy are unemployment, self … 2010 unemployment and self-employment have on average the largest relative impact (14.6%), followed by tax morale (14 …

rise, increase the shadow economy, but also other factors like economic ones (unemployment) are considered, too …. Specifically it is shown that the main driving forces are unemployment, self-employment and the tax burden, which have different … by self-employment (22.2%), unemployment (16.9%), personal income taxes (13.1%) and tax morale (9.5%) …

globe. A robust finding in these studies is the positive association between unemployment rates and the size of the … unemployment that features decreasing returns to unofficial activities and congestion effects in job searching, we conjecture a … long-run equilibrium relationship between unemployment and the size of the shadow economy. Our empirical model lends strong …