regulations are the driving forces of the shadow economy. Furthermore, the results show that the shadow economy reduces corruption … in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are …

extent of state regulatory activities. Rising corruption also has a clearly positive impact on the growth of the shadow …

, a growing shadow economy has a negative effect on official GDP growth, and a positive impact of corruption on the size …

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between corruption and the emigration of those with high, medium … and low levels of educational attainment. The empirical results indicate that as corruption increases the emigration rate … levels of educational attainment, however, increases at initial levels of corruption and then decreases beyond a certain …

This paper examines the relationship between corruption and public debt in 106 countries. Results suggest that … corruption leads to an increase in public debt. We also investigate if the effect of corruption on pblic debt is increased by … government expenditure, the shadow economy and military expenditure. We find that the effect of corruption on public debt is …

Knowing whether corruption leads to higher emigration rates - and among which groups - is important because most labor … emigration is from developing to developed countries. If corruption leads highly-skilled and highlyeducated workers to leave … unemployment, lowering the returns to human capital and encouraging further emigration. Corruption also shifts public spending from …