The ambiguous phenomenon of corruption has long been the cause of great theoretical debate in economics. By using … Structural Equation Modelling, with the two types of corruption as a latent variable, this paper employs causal and indicative … variables specific to the Latin American region to test for rent seeking and systemic corruption in the period between 1980 …

. Using a large annual panel of African countries with a time series of 25 years, ours results show that when the corruption … rate is above (below) a threshold of 1.3577, economic growth reduces (increases) informal economic sector. The corruption … proxy is measured as a decreasing function of corruption such that higher levels of the corruption proxy translate lower …

. Using a large annual panel of African countries with a time series of 25 years, ours results show that when the corruption … rate is above (below) a threshold of 1.3577, economic growth reduces (increases) informal economic sector. The corruption … proxy is measured as a decreasing function of corruption such that higher levels of the corruption proxy translate lower …

economy reduces corruption in high-income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various …

regulations are the driving forces of the shadow economy. Furthermore, the results show that the shadow economy reduces corruption … in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are …