The distributional and disruptive effects of energy supply shocks are potentially large. We study the effectiveness of alternative fiscal responses in a two-country HANK model that we calibrate to the euro area. Energy subsidies can stabilize the domestic economy, but are fiscally costly and...

In the 24 years since its introduction, the euro has experienced a financial crisis, a government debt crisis, a global pandemic, and an energy crisis-and survived. Using a model focusing on households, this Weekly Report shows that the monetary union’s stability is rooted in the fact that the...

Der Euro wurde vor mehr als 20 Jahren eingeführt und wird auch seinen 25. Geburtstag erleben. Angesichts der schweren Krisen, die der Euro als gemeinsamer Währungsraum in den letzten Jahren zu überstehen hatte, ist das ein überraschender Erfolg. Unter anderem machten Populist*innen in den...

How does a monetary union alter the impact of business cycle shocks at the household level? We develop a Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian model of two countries (HANK2) and show in closed form that a monetary union shifts the adjustment to a shock horizontally - across countries - within the...