corruption in a worldwide context. This is done by presenting the conceptual underpinnings of such relationship as well as using … superior and more defensible measures of both decentralization in its various dimensions as well as corruption for a sample of … governments, is shown to have significant negative effect on the incidence of corruption regardless of the choice of the …

"This paper examines the conceptual and empirical basis of corruption and governance and concludes that decentralized … local governance is conducive to reduced corruption in the long run. This is because localization helps to break the … as a means to making government responsive and accountable to people can help reduce corruption and improve service …

"An extensive literature on the relationship between decentralization (or localization) and corruption has developed in … recent years. While some authors argue that there is a positive relationship between decentralization and corruption, others … claim that decentralization in fact leads to a reduction in the level of corruption. This important policy question has not …

In a largely corruption-free environment, anti-corruption agencies, ethics offices, and ombudsman strengthen the … standards of accountability. In countries with endemic corruption, however, the same institutions function in form but not in …