Changes in underlying mortality rates significantly impact insurance business as well as private and public pension systems. Individual mortality studies have data limitations; aggregate mortality studies omit many relevant details. The study of causal mortality represents the middle ground,...

Insurers and pension funds provide life annuities and pensions that are impacted by both aggregate mortality improvement and individual mortality heterogeneity. Aggregate population mortality trends have shown significant improvement over long periods of time. Individual mortality heterogeneity...

We present a numerical approach to the pricing of guaranteed minimum maturity benefits embedded in variable annuity contracts in the case where the guarantees can be surrendered at any time prior to maturity that improves on current approaches. Surrender charges are important in practice and are...

Developing a liquid longevity market requires reliable and well-designed financial instruments. An index-based longevity swap and a cap are analyzed in this paper under a tractable stochastic mortality model. The model is calibrated using Australian mortality data and analytical formulas for...

Over the last century, the assumption usually made was that causes of death are independent, although it is well-known that dependancies exist. Recent developments in econometrics allow, through Vector Error Correction Models (VECM), to model multivariate dynamic systems including time...

Existing longevity indices commonly use age-based mortality rates or period life expectancy. We propose an alternative cohort-based value index for insurers and pension funds to manage longevity risk. This index is an expected present value of a longevity linked cash flow valued using a...

We generalize model calibration for a multivariate Tweedie distribution to allow for censored observations; estimation is based on the method of moments. The multivariate Tweedie distribution we consider incorporates dependence in a pool of lives via a common stochastic component. Pools may be...

Heterogeneity in mortality rates is known to exist in populations, undermining the use of age and sex as the only rating factors for life insurance and annuity products. Life insurers underwrite life products using a variety of rating factors to allow for this heterogeneity. In the case of life...

Cohort effects have been identified in many countries. However, some mortality models only consider the modelling and projection of age-period effects. Others, that incorporate cohort effects, do not consider cohort specific survival curves that are important for pricing and hedging purposes. In...

There is a significant potential demand in many countries around the world for a flexible product to manage individual longevity risk arising from the prevalence of defined contribution pensions, uncertainty in improvements in life expectancy, potential reductions in public pensions and a lack...