We examine the productivity of informal firms (those that are not registered with the government) in 24 African … countries using field work and World Bank firm level data. We find that productivity jumps sharply if we compare small formal …

the total in the poorest countries. Second, it has extremely low productivity compared to the formal economy: informal … regulations is an important reason for informality, the productivity of informal firms is too low for them to thrive in the formal …

productivity in several thousand establishments located in these regions. To organize the discussion, we present a new model of …

We examine the productivity of informal firms (those that are not registered with the government) in 24 African … countries using field work and World Bank firm level data. We find that productivity jumps sharply if we compare small formal …

inconsistent with the romantic and parasite views, but supports the dual view. In this "Walmart" theory of economic development …

evidence is inconsistent with the romantic and parasite views, but supports the dual view. In this quot;Walmartquot; theory of …