Companies often engage in product and service customization as part of a differentiation strategy, as it represents a source of competitive advantage. However, its effect on customer relationships as well as contingencies for its effective application is not well understood. In Particular, how...

Many companies and brands are using CSR to enhance the brand image, goodwill, and gain the confidence and trust of the people. This study's aim is to investigate how CSR initiatives got converted into consumer favorable responses. We proposed a theoretical framework, modifying Dedeke's (2015)...

Consumers are no longer merely passive recipients of brand-related information, but rather, act as dynamic participants and co-creators of value, and of brand meaning. Hence the success of a brand is linked in its social capital making social capital and consumer behavior mutually reinforcing....

The purpose of this Research is to propose and test a model to better understand brand equity. It seeks to investigate the effects of this construct on consumers' responses using data from Khaadi consumers from different outlets located in Karachi. Sample size of 409 respondent collected and...