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The paper compares the pay-as-you-go system and a capital funded system of old age insurance. The capital funded system has a higher rate of return. Pension income can be obtained at lower costs for the individual. This implies efficiency gains in terms of higher savings and reduced distortion...
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Das Umlage- und das Kapitaldeckungsverfahren werden verglichen. Das Kapitaldeckungsverfahren hat eine größere Rendite …. Übergangsszenarien werden explizit untersucht. Langfristig ist damit zu rechnen, daß das Kapitaldeckungsverfahren eine größere Bedeutung …
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some of the economic policy challenges that Germany faces. Being an optimist by nature, I would paint a rosy picture …
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Germany remains Europe's largest and most diversified source of new technology, but still lags in the fastest growing … had supported Germany's leadership in the high-tech industries of the early twentieth century - automobiles, machinery … to new technological stimuli. In addition, Germany's bank-centered capital and inflexible labor markets have long …
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