The process of central bank (CB) evolution by emerging market economies (EMEs), including central bank independence (CBI) and transparency (CBT), converged towards that of the advanced economies (AEs) before the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007-2008. It was greatly aided by the adoption of...

The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Central Banking covers a wide range of central bank topics, including governance, independence, balance-sheet and crisis management, and the challenges in macroeconomic modeling. The book is intended as an up-to-date reference for the current and potential...

"The events of the past decade and a half are the story of two mistakes, one triumph, with the real possibility either of another mistake. Prior to the global financial crisis of 2007-9 many central bankers were dismissive about the need to worry about financial instability. The connection...

This paper surveys three types of monetary arrangements. It considers how the choice of an exchange rate regime, the degree of central bank independence, or choice of currency unions or boards depends not only on economic considerations but also on political economy considerations. In economic...