The paper documents child poverty levels and trends using both relative ('deep') and absolute ('extreme') measures in … different components of household income and other resources on child deep-poverty rates to examine the role of the market and … poverty reduction. Overall, middle-income nations have witnessed continuous reductions in their extreme child poverty rates …

nations. These data also allow estimates of the effects of social transfers that reduce poverty amongst all families with …-income poverty rates and greater disposable income poverty rates than do children in native-born families by a factor of about 2 to 1 … migrant families in France and Sweden are in poverty; however, after transfers, these rates are more than halved in these …

While all nations value low poverty, high levels of economic self-reliance, and equality of opportunity for younger … self-reliance (earned incomes), family support, and government support to avoid poverty. This paper is designed to examine … these differences in greater detail. We begin by reviewing international concepts and measures of poverty, as they relate to …

, inequality or poverty. This is true for country specific work or for cross-national comparisons. Researchers generally either use … a country specific equivalence scale (social assistance, expert based, or poverty scales), or adopt a single scale for … Wohlfahrt, Ungleichheit und Armut. Dies gilt vor allem für länderspezifische Analysen und/oder für länderübergreifende …