Poverty is generally defined as income or expenditure insufficiency, but the economic condition of a household also … depends on its real and financial asset holdings. This paper investigates measures of poverty that rely on indicators of … household net worth. We review and assess two main approaches followed in the literature: income-net worth measures and asset-poverty …

Social vulnerability for older persons, especially older women, due to insufficient income in retirement and earlier in … perspective, with a focus on older women in several rich and middle-income nations. We examine the United States, Canada, and a … Taiwan, China, and Mexico, around the turn of the century. In particular, we address what happens to older women as they …