We study the relation between institutionalization of capital and the reliance on public markets by corporations and investors. Country-level evidence indicates that capital under institutional management (ownership by mutual funds, pension funds, and insurance companies) is negatively related...

We study the relation between institutionalization of capital and the reliance on public markets. Evidence indicates that for developed and developing countries capital under institutional management (mutual funds, pension funds, and insurance companies) is negatively related to the number of...