In this study, we investigate the long run and causality relationship between tourism receipts and economic growth in 17 MENA selected countries during 1995-2007. We incorporate exchange rate as an intermittent variable in a bivariate setting between tourism receipts and economic growth. Using...

This study applied panel unit root, panel co-integration and panel causality tests to distinguish the position of short run and long run causality among foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade in a panel of 16 advanced European countries over the period 1976-2008, 528 observations were...