This paper maintains that the durable-goods character of loans enables the forward shift of bank indirect taxes à la Coase (1972), increasing thereby the money multiplier and reducing the equity-lending ratio regardless bank industry structure. Consequently, policymakers may use such taxes...

This paper argues the predictive power of the sectoral approach towards a quantity theory of credit is weak. A quantity theory of commercial-bank-seigniorage approach is proposed in its place. It suggests that the financial system may be held responsible for price and output fluctuations to the...

Standard Macroeconomics treats animal spirits as a source of uncertainty disturbing rational otherwise expectations. But, Keynesian animal spirits ensue from suboptimal emotional response to socioeconomic status change beyond matters of uncertainty. This paper identifies such spirits with the...