strategies deter cartel formation. With leniency policies offering immunity to the first reporting party a high fine is the main …

We revisit the pros and cons of cartel criminalization with focus on its possible introduction in the EU. We document a … sometimes all members of a cartel. We argue that, coupled with the non-disclosure of leniency statements and the insufficient … cartel convictions. Together with evidence on the current level of fines, this points at the need to introduce …

cartel members and study the size of the contracts affected or potentially affected by the illegal activity, comparing them …