This paper provides an econometric analysis aiming at evidencing the dynamics showed by the S&P 500 market index during the period of 4 January 2001-28 April 2020, in which the subprime crisis has taken place and the COVID-19 crisis has begun. In particular, we fit a three-regime switching model...

This paper provides an econometric analysis aiming at evidencing the dynamics showed by the S&P 500 market index during the period of 4 January 2001-28 April 2020, in which the subprime crisis has taken place and the COVID-19 crisis has begun. In particular, we fit a three-regime switching model...

This study introduces the dynamic Gerber model (DGC) and evaluates its performance in the prediction of Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) compared to alternative parametric, non-parametric and semi-parametric methods for estimating the covariance matrix of returns. Based on ES...