Using data from Canada and the United States, we quantify consumers' net pecuniary cost of using cash, credit cards …, credit card transactions are cross-subsidized by cheaper debit and cash payments. Card rewards and consumer fees paid to …

The use of paper instruments-cash and checks-has been declining in the United States, and consumers have been gradually … remote transactions. We find that cash use declined faster than check use, in large part because transactions shifted from in … person to remote. While the cash-use share of transactions dropped for almost all merchant types, changes in check use were …

lack access to most payment methods and, hence, use cash or prepaid cards to pay their bills. Low-income consumers pay … their bills differently from the rest of the sample: They are more likely to pay in person, use significantly more cash, and …

The use of paper instruments—cash and checks—has been declining in the United States, and consumers have been gradually … remote transactions. We find that cash use declined faster than check use, in large part because transactions shifted from in … person to remote. While the cash-use share of transactions dropped for almost all merchant types, changes in check use were …