Improving end-use energy efficiency - that is, the energy-efficiency of individuals, households, and firms as they … consume energy - is often cited as an important element in efforts to reduce greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. Arguments for … improving energy efficiency usually rely on the idea that energy-efficient technologies will save end users money over time and …

Energy-efficient technologies offer considerable promise for reducing the financial costs and environmental damages … associated with energy use, but these technologies appear not to be adopted by consumers and businesses to the degree that would …-called "energy paradox" or "energy-efficiency gap." First, we build on the previous literature by dividing potential explanations for …

the decision calculus for these activities in the direction of more efficient generation and use of energy, lower carbon …-intensity of energy, and - more broadly - a more carbon-lean economy. The only approach to doing this on a meaningful scale that …-and-trade, and clean energy standards. We note that the U.S. political response to possible market-based approaches to climate policy …

: carbon taxes, cap-and-trade, emission reduction credits, clean energy standards, and fossil fuel subsidy reductions. …