Scientific research has properties of a public good; there are few monetary incentives for individuals to undertake … basic research and the conventional wisdom is that the market, if left to its own devices, would under- invest in research … in terms of social benefits relative to social costs. Thus research, especially of a basic nature, has traditionally been …

the pace of scientific research and how effective science can be. This is especially the case for vaccines based on the … system is sufficiently supportive of research needed for key breakthroughs, and whether the system of funding encourages … sufficient risk-taking to induce scientists to explore transformative research paths. We begin with a discussion of the …

I examine and document how the Endless Frontier changed the research landscape at universities and how universities … responded to the initiative. I show that the agencies it established and funded initially recruited research proposals from … universities had begun to push for more resources from the federal government for research, support for faculty salary and research …

soliciting the submission of high-risk research to either regular or specially designed programs. Little evidence, however, has … out to study this using data from the European Research Council (ERC), a program within the EC, established in 2007 to … support high-risk/high-gain research. We examine whether the ERC selected researchers with a track record of conducting risky …

noncognitive resources play in discovery is discussed as well as the costs of resources used in research. Different models for the … funding of research are presented. The chapter also discusses scientific labor markets and the extreme difficulty encountered … scientific research to economic growth and suggestions for future research. …