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for economic development. In this paper we document and discuss these changes; including the rapid growth and structural … for economic development, income mobility and poverty reduction in rural areas. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010507756
-capital supermarket chains gradually emerged. Massive inflows of foreign direct investment followed and competitive domestic investments … drove a rapid take-off of large-format modern retail sector development from a tiny 'luxury' niche of around 5% of food … consolidation of the supermarket sector, with profound changes in procurement systems affecting the conditions facing farmers, and …
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Global retail companies ("supermarkets") have an increasing influence on developing countries, through foreign investments and/or through the imposition of their private standards. The impact on developing countries and poverty is often assessed as negative. In this paper we show the opposite,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014061346
Thirty years ago, a vast share of the poor and middle income countries were heavily state-controlled. The effects of the liberalizations in the 1980s and 1990s differed strongly between regions in Africa, Asia and Europe. This paper first documents these differences in refirm effects in a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010313308
vertical coordination in development, and what the implications are for income creation and rent distribution. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010313394