Starting on 1st of May 2004, 11 countries in Central-Eastern and South Eastern Europe and in the Baltics (EU11) joined …

Starting on 1 May 2004, 11 countries in Central-Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and in the Baltics (EU11) joined the … European Union (EU) in three consecutive waves. Half a generation later, and a full generation after the start of transition in …

This chapter looks into the impact of EU membership on the carbon intensity of EU11 economies since joining the EU. EU … membership boosted foreign trade and FDI, leading to a rapid re-industrialization of EU11 and making them the fastest converging … group of upper-middle-income countries in the world. Nevertheless, EU11 economies maintained their previously established …

The paper investigated the difference the EU made to the nature and speed of convergence process in the countries that … joined the EU since 2004 relative to countries that converged outside such closely-knit supranational organization. It draws …

This chapter offers a framework to analyse the impact of EU membership on economic ("means"), institutional ("ways …") and social ("ends") convergence of EU11 countries to the frontier. It identifies the channels through which this impact … works: trade, investment, finance, migration and institutions. Using this framework, the analysis finds that EU membership …