The Philippines has fallen behind its Asian neighbors in terms of energy access as measured by electricity consumption and electrification rate. Renewable energy, however, has a relatively high share in the generation mix but this has remained stagnant in the past two decades. Meanwhile, the...

The transition to an energy mix with lower carbon emissions is hampered by the existence of the so-called energy trilemma. The primary consequence is a trade-off between various objectives of energy policy, e.g. equity and sustainability. This paper proposes a framework and methodology to manage...

After ratifying the Paris Agreement in March 2017, the Philippine Government reviewed its Nationally Determined Contribution that was submitted in October, 2015. This resulted in a revised NDC that was communicated to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 15 April...