We analyze the effects of cartel policies on firm behavior using data from the German power-cable cartel. Antitrust authorities affected the cartel under two different legal regimes: penalizing the cartel in some years, and exempting it for ten years from the general cartel prohibition. While...

Export diversification, or the breadth of exports of an economy, is increasingly seen as a means of accelerating economic growth, mitigating instability due to price, demand, and exchange rate fluctuations, and stabilizing earnings from exports in the long run. As economies integrate into global...

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments around the globe have undertaken multiple policies to control its spread. Yet, only a few studies estimated the cost of COVID-19-related stringency measures on economic output, which can be attributable to the time...

Using data drawn from the universe of firms to avoid sample censoring problems, this paper finds financial constraints to be binding on mid-sized firms and those in construction and services sectors only. Growth of the majority of firms is unaffected by financial burdens. Firm size distribution...

Greater democracy increases the voice of the people, creating political contestation and participation, and leading to pro-labor institutional changes, higher wages and lower inequality. Political voice may therefore have a redistributive effect that is independent of redistribution through...