’s economic growth over the period of 1970 to 2006. The Johansen and Juselius (1990) cointegration test was used to investigate … error-correction model (VECM) and the Granger (1969) causality test were used to examine the short-and long-run causality … Granger causality results strongly supported bilateral causality between economic growth and its determinants. This indicated …

properties, we applied the bounds testing approach to cointegration and the system-wise Rao’s F-test with bootstrap simulation …-test reveals strong unilateral causality running from real income to health care expenditure in Malaysia. …

affect it in Malaysia over a long run. The Granger causality results reveal that technology innovation Granger-cause economic …

1971–2011. The cointegration and the Granger causality tests are adopted to examine the relationship between the variables … Granger causality results also indicates that savings growth can effectively spur economic growth in Pakistan. …

This study employs the Granger causality test within a multivariate cointegration and error-correction framework to … causality running from relative price to health care spending, while relative price and income are bidirectional Granger … causality in Malaysia. In the long-run health care spending and income are bi-directional Granger causality, while there is uni …